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Il est employé pour la première fois pour décrire une œuvre d’art en 1876, de manière péjorative, dans une critique d’Émile Zola à l’égard du tableau Salomé dansant devant Hérode de Gustave Moreau, puis Jean Moréas impose ce nom au mouvement dans son « Manifeste » de 1886. À part symbolisme, d’autres noms ont été utilisés au cours des années 1880-1890, par des artistes ou des critiques d’art : synthétisme, idéisme, idéalisme ou néo-traditionnisme. La définition et les bornes chronologiques du mouvement varient selon les auteurs. On considère généralement que le symbolisme désigne une partie de la production artistique franco-belge puis européenne entre 1880 et 1914, avec un premier manifeste en 1886, et dont l’apogée se situe dans les années 1890. Il se développe d’abord en littérature dans les années 1880, puis en peinture, au théâtre et en musique dans les années 1890.",false,"left",17,2,135,[876,877,878,879],{"tag":764,"value":831},{"tag":766,"value":831},{"tag":834,"value":831},{"tag":836,"value":831},{"id":781},{"layout":824,"collection":866,"item":882},{"title":883,"content":884,"fit_size":870,"text_align":871,"font_size":489,"columns":831,"line_height":468,"opentype_features":885,"font_style":890},"Mazius Display Extra Italic","La mélancolie est d’abord vue comme un trouble de l’humeur, humeur au sens grec de l’acception et comme l’a inauguralement théorisée le médecin Hippocrate.",[886,887,888,889],{"tag":764,"value":831},{"tag":766,"value":831},{"tag":834,"value":831},{"tag":836,"value":831},{"id":792},{"layout":824,"collection":866,"item":892},{"title":893,"content":894,"fit_size":870,"text_align":871,"font_size":489,"columns":831,"line_height":468,"opentype_features":895,"font_style":900},"Mazius Display Extra Italic Bold","Aujourd’hui en Occident, le mot « ésotérisme » a été étendu à un nombre considérable de courants, dont, entre autres, la magie, mais l’application de ce terme à ces domaines a été contestée, notamment par René Guénon.",[896,897,898,899],{"tag":764,"value":831},{"tag":766,"value":831},{"tag":834,"value":831},{"tag":836,"value":831},{"id":812},{"layout":824,"collection":866,"item":902},{"title":903,"content":904,"fit_size":870,"text_align":871,"font_size":872,"columns":905,"line_height":874,"opentype_features":906,"font_style":911},"Mazius Display Bold","Verlaine est une figure majeure du décadentisme, mais refuse d'être considéré comme un symbolistea. Il reste cependant un modèle pour les symbolistes, principalement après la publication des Poètes maudits en 1884. La même année est publié À rebours, roman de Joris-Karl Huysmans, qui rompt avec le naturalisme dont il est issu. Il y raconte le quotidien d'un esthète vivant reclus dans une villa, où il s'entoure de livres — de Verlaine, Mallarmé ou Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly — et d'œuvres d'art — notamment d'Odilon Redon et Gustave Moreau. Ces deux textes participent à donner une culture commune aux symbolistes, dont le mouvement prend forme à partir de ce moment.",3,[907,908,909,910],{"tag":764,"value":831},{"tag":766,"value":831},{"tag":834,"value":831},{"tag":836,"value":831},{"id":802},{"layout":913,"collection":825,"item":914},"half",{"content":915,"text_align":828,"opentype_features":916,"font_style":921},"AãBbCç\n{N°10#]\nO’s&Kø!\n+ĞgRŕ*",[917,918,919,920],{"tag":764,"value":831},{"tag":766,"value":831},{"tag":834,"value":831},{"tag":836,"value":831},{"id":781},{"layout":913,"collection":825,"item":923},{"content":924,"text_align":828,"opentype_features":925,"font_style":930},"ÆëWi\nŁį53a\n(Þ†§s!)\nßKð×",[926,927,928,929],{"tag":764,"value":831},{"tag":766,"value":831},{"tag":834,"value":831},{"tag":836,"value":831},{"id":802}]